2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. NOD-like Receptor (NLR)

NOD-like Receptor (NLR)

NOD-like Receptor (NLR)

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Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are critical cytoplasmic pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that play an important role in the host innate immune response and immunity homeostasis. There are 23 NLR family members in humans and at least 34 NLR genes in mice. NLRs are expressed in many cell types including immune cells and epithelial cells, although certain NLR family members are expressed primarily in phagocytes including macrophages and neutrophils. The NLR family are most commonly classified according to their N-terminal domain, falling into one of four subfamilies; NLRA, NLRB, NLRC and NLRP.

The NLRs recognize various ligands from microbial pathogens (peptidoglycan, flagellin, viral RNA, fungal hyphae, etc.), host cells (ATPs, cholesterol crystals, uric acid, etc.), and environmental sources (alum, asbestos, silica, alloy particles, UV radiation, skin irritants, etc.). Most NLRs act as PRRs, recognizing the above ligands and activate inflammatory responses. However, some NLRs may not act as PRRs but instead respond to cytokines such as interferons. The activated NLRs show various functions that can be divided into four broad categories: inflammasome formation, signaling transduction, transcription activation, and autophagy.

NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Isoform Specific Products:

NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-116084S
    Trimethylamine N-oxide-d9
    		Activator 99.76%
    Trimethylamine N-oxide-d9 is the deuterium labeled Trimethylamine N-oxide. Trimethylamine N-oxide is a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary choline and other trimethylamine-containing nutrients. Trimethylamine N-oxide induces inflammation by activating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome. Trimethylamine N-oxide also accelerates fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation and induces cardiac fibrosis by activating the TGF-β/smad2 signaling pathway.
    Trimethylamine N-oxide-d<sub>9</sub>
  • HY-155876
    NVP-DFV890
    		Antagonist 99.97%
    NVP-DFV890 is an orally administered, selective NLRP3 inhibitor. NVP-DFV890 directly binds to NLRP3, blocks maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and inhibits pyroptotic cell death. NVP-DFV890 acts as an inducer of viral clearance, promoting earlier clearance of SARS-CoV-2. NVP-DFV890 can be used for the research of COVID-19 pneumonia and coronavirus-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS).
    NVP-DFV890
  • HY-N0496
    Ruscogenin
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    Ruscogenin, an important steroid sapogenin derived from Ophiopogon japonicus, attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction by suppressing TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the MAPK pathway. Ruscogenin exerts significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities. Ruscogenin has orally bioactivity.
    Ruscogenin
  • HY-132831
    Selnoflast
    		Inhibitor 99.46%
    Selnoflast (RO7486967), formerly somalix/RG6418/IZD334, is an orally active, potent, selective and reversible small molecule NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor. Selnoflast is a potent inhibitor of IL-1β release stimulated by NLRP3 activation in human Alzheimer's disease (AD) monocyte-derived macrophages. Selnoflast is promising for research of AD and systemic inflammatory diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
    Selnoflast
  • HY-W019670
    N4-Acetylcytidine
    		Activator 99.65%
    N4-acetylcytidine (N4A) is an endogenous nucleoside metabolite from the degradation of tRNA. N4-Acetylcytidine is formed by N-acetyltransferase 10 and other enzymes. N4-acetylcytidine might sustain NLRP3 inflammasome activation via induction of HMGB1 expression and releasee. N4-Acetylcytidine modifies mRNA, tRNA and rRNA, affecting their stability, translation efficiency (such as enterovirus 71 RNA). N4-Acetylcytidine is used in the study of cancer, neuroinflammatory diseases, viral infections and obesity.
    N4-Acetylcytidine
  • HY-N2414
    Periplogenin
    		Inhibitor ≥99.70%
    Periplogenin is an orally active cardiac glycoside found in Cortex periplocae. Periplogenin can induce ROS production and necroptosis and cause G0/G1 phase arrest. Periplogenin can inhibit pyroptosis by regulating the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling. Periplogenin suppresses growth of prostate carcinoma cells by docking to an ATP1A1 protein pocket and forming a hydrogen bond with T804. Periplogenin can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammation and immunology, such as prostate carcinoma, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
    Periplogenin
  • HY-N0806
    Sweroside
    		Inhibitor 99.76%
    Sweroside is an iridoid glycoside that targets multiple targets, including the Keap1/Nrf2 axis, NLRP3 inflammasome, SIRT1, NF-κB, AMPK/mTOR pathway, and caspase family. Sweroside promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation by competitively binding to Keap1. Sweroside also inhibits oxidative stress and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis by activating Nrf2, inhibits NF-κB inflammatory pathway by activating SIRT1, and promotes autophagy and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Sweroside has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and lipid metabolism regulating activities, and can be used in the research of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, leukemia, acute lung injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and other fields.
    Sweroside
  • HY-161834
    RG100204
    		Inhibitor 99.50%
    RG100204 is a selective, orally available inhibitor of the aquaporin AQP9. RG100204 directly inhibits AQP9 channel function, preventing the transmembrane transport of water, glycerol, and H2O2. RG100204 reduces the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, thereby alleviating inflammation and pyroptosis. RG100204 reduces multi-organ dysfunction in a mouse sepsis model and shows glucose-regulating effects in diabetic db/db mice.
    RG100204
  • HY-P3211
    Nangibotide
    		Inhibitor 98.53%
    Nangibotide (LR12) is a synthetic peptide and TREM-1 receptor inhibitor. Nangibotide inhibits NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reduces the release of pro-inflammatory factors (such as IL-1β, IL-8). Nangibotide inhibits Apoptosis. Nangibotide reduces excessive inflammatory responses and protects tissues (liver, lung) from damage. Nangibotide can be used in the researches for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, septic shock, acute lung injury, osteoarthritis, and acute liver failure.
    Nangibotide
  • HY-N5042
    Forsythoside I
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Forsythoside I is an orally active caffeoyl phenylethanoid glycoside (CPG) that can be isolated from Forsythia suspense (Thunb.) Vahl. Forsythoside I has anti-inflammatory activity and can exert a protective effect in a mouse model of acute lung injury.
    Forsythoside I
  • HY-13682
    Mifamurtide
    		99.58%
    Mifamurtide (MTP-PE), an analog of the muramyl dipeptide (MDP), is a nonspecific immunomodulator by stimulating the immune response activating macrophages and monocytes. Mifamurtide is a specific ligand for NOD2 and acts as an insulin sensitizer. Mifamurtide has potential for use in rare disease and osteosarcoma research.
    Mifamurtide
  • HY-125944
    MitoTEMPO hydrate
    		Inhibitor 98.03%
    MitoTEMPO hydrate is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. MitoTEMPO hydrate induces mitophagy by activating the PINK1/Parkin pathway, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, restores mitochondrial membrane potential, and improves renal function and podocyte injury. MitoTEMPO hydrate regulates Ca2+ homeostasis, inhibits Bnip3 overexpression, shortens action potential duration, and exerts antiarrhythmic effects. MitoTEMPO hydrate reverses premature senescence, reduces trabecular bone loss, and decreases cell apoptosis. MitoTEMPO hydrate can be used in studies of chronic kidney disease, age-related cardiac dysfunction, postmenopausal osteoporosis, and ischemic stroke.
    MitoTEMPO hydrate
  • HY-14806B
    Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.97%
    Teneligliptin (MP-513) hydrobromide hydrate is an orally active and selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor (IC50s: 0.37 and 0.29 nM for the human and rat DPP-4, respectively). Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate improves blood glucose levels and can be used in researches related to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate
  • HY-N0535
    (+)-Magnoflorine chloride
    		Inhibitor 99.29%
    (+)-Magnoflorine (α-Magnoflorine) chloride is an orally active aporphine alkaloid with multiple biological activities. (+)-Magnoflorine chloride promotes Parkin/PINK1-mediated mitochondrial autophagy, inhibits the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway, regulates the intestinal microbiota, and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. (+)-Magnoflorine chloride inhibits JNK and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways, activates Sirt1/AMPK pathway, alleviates neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. Magnoflorine chloride upregulates miR-410-3p, inhibits HMGB1/NF-κB pathway, and has anti-tumor activity. (+)-Magnoflorine chloride also has significant antifungal activity.
    (+)-Magnoflorine chloride
  • HY-14806A
    Teneligliptin hydrobromide
    		Inhibitor 99.99%
    Teneligliptin (MP-513) hydrobromide is an orally active and selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor (IC50s: 0.37 and 0.29 nM for the human and rat DPP-4, respectively). Teneligliptin hydrobromide improves blood glucose levels and can be used in researches related to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Teneligliptin hydrobromide
  • HY-B0987
    Ascorbyl palmitate
    		Inhibitor 99.62%
    Ascorbyl palmitate is an orally active ester formed from ascorbic acid and palmitic acid, used as an antioxidant and food additive. Ascorbyl palmitate in preventing fat and oil oxidation is more efficient than Butylated hydroxyanisole (HY-B1066) and Butylated hydroxytoluene (HY-Y0172). Ascorbyl palmitate mitigates inhibition of collagen synthesis by select calcium and sodium channel blockers. Ascorbyl palmitate induces Apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Ascorbyl palmitate ameliorates inflammatory diseases by inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome.
    Ascorbyl palmitate
  • HY-156438
    Ruvonoflast
    		Inhibitor 99.65%
    Ruvonoflast (NT-0796) is an orally active, selective and CNS-penetrant NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor. Ruvonoflast inhibits IL-1β release in human PBMC cells with an IC50 value of 0.32 nM. Ruvonoflast is an isopropyl ester that undergoes intracellular conversion to Ruvonoflast, the carboxylic acid active species. Ruvonoflast reverses high fat diet-induced obesity, systemic inflammation and astrogliosis in the diet-induced obesity mouse model. Ruvonoflast is promising for research of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
    Ruvonoflast
  • HY-141521
    Amelenodor
    		Activator
    NX-13 is a first-in-class, orally active and gut-restricted agent that selectively targets and activates the NLRX1 pathway to induce immunometabolic changes. NX-13 results in lower inflammation and responses in inflammatory bowel disease. NX-13 can be used for the research of crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
    Amelenodor
  • HY-P9928A
    Alirocumab (anti-PCSK9)
    		Inhibitor 98.24%
    Alirocumab (anti-PCSK9) is an anti-PCSK9 human monoclonal antibody. Alirocumab (anti-PCSK9) inhibits PCSK9. Alirocumab (anti-PCSK9) reduces NLRP3 inflammasome, regulates Nrf2/HO-1, HMGB1/NF-κB and Fractalkine/CX3CR1. Alirocumab (anti-PCSK9) increases the ability of the liver to bind LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and reduces levels of LDL-C in blood. Alirocumab (anti-PCSK9) improves atherosclerosis and inflammation.
    Alirocumab (anti-PCSK9)
  • HY-162877
    AZD4144
    		Inhibitor 99.67%
    AZD4144 is an orally active NLRP3 inhibitor (EC50: 0.082 μM). AZD4144 effectively inhibits the release of IL-1β when NLRP3 is overactivated, exerting an anti-inflammatory effect. AZD4144 has low inhibitory effect on hERG and low cardiotoxicity. AZD4144 has the potential to study diseases and conditions associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
    AZD4144
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Isoform Comparison

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